Monday, 4 November 2013

It's all about packaging


The age old question of « what’s in a brand? » appeals to various answers to different people. I won’t try to answer to that one but to me a tangible argument would be the packaging. In terms of brand strategy how did Pepsi or Coca Cola’s packaging play a role?

First of all, let’s take a look at Pepsi because it looks simpler to me. When I asked myself how the bottle looked like I realized I had one image in mind. To me, Pepsi didn’t change the shape or the color of its bottle since I was born. I was actually wrong (as you can see below).

I just discovered they changed their bottle a few months ago. "We didn't want to create a shape that came out of nowhere," Krembs, VP-marketing for the Pepsi trademark said. "It's not uniform, it's a little asymmetrical, there's a little edginess and playfulness, which is consistent with Pepsi's equities and youthful spirit."

I asked a few Pepsi aficionados if they realized their favorite bottle had changed; their answer was no. I have two explanations for it: either they didn’t notice it because the change was minor or the new bottle didn’t arrive in the stores in Antibes yet.


The opposite of Pepsi in terms of packaging is its rival Coke.

Coke succeeded in creating a subtle balance between staying the same and being modern. When I think about Coke I automatically think about its limited packaging editions. Here are a few examples :




It says a lot about the brand when there is a page on the corporate website where you can buy the limited edition bottles. It even says it all when most of the articles are out of stock... Check it out : http://www.cocacolacollectibles.co.uk/coca-cola-collectibles-by-country/coca-cola-collectibles-from-france.html

Additionnal sources :

Emma G

Are brands human?


Another question to me is: « are brands human ? ». Just asking myself this question makes me feel like being on « Irobot ». I don't know if you've read this book (don't talk to me about the movie, the book was written by a genius even though I don't like science fiction) but it deals with robots taking over since they were empowered because they were of great utility to human beings. In this book, robots are in charge.

Brands are everywhere. In front of me, I have Apple, Coke, Danone ; on my left Evian... We pratically live with them (in our fridge, on us, for us...). You'd like to live with a human wouldn't you (for the sake of argument, let's consider that Pitsy the cat is human) ?

Maybe the frequence of exposure and moreover the way we talk about them (and not to them I hope) are relevent factors in this case. While mentioning a brand we tend to use the words « heritage », « identity », « DNA », « values », « death », « reborn ».... Amusingly enough, when I typed on Google « coke human » the two other words proposed by the search engine were « rights violation »...

Given the importance we gave to brands, aren't they empowered enough to be in charge ? We usually talk about heritage, identity, death, rebirth...

Even Jez Frampton, the CEO of interbrand said it : « the future is human ». And in the end, even a brand has to pay taxes (not 75% but still)... Definitely worth wondering.

Here's an interesting article about « the newest marketing buzzword ? Human » :

Last but not least, an article explaining better than I could myself how Coke is trying to be human :

Emma G

What's in brand heritage?

The more I'm looking at articles about brands, the more I see people writing about « brand heritage ». I understand, Pepsi vs Coke, David against Goliath, people getting passionate about it. Given the fact that I can't distinguish Pespi's taste from Coke's I don't really understand what the fuss is all about.

What's an heritage ? To me, it's something that someone leaves you when he/she dies (you can call me Larousse or Robert). Let's put aside the fact that people tend to humanize brands, we'll cover this topic later. So, to have an heritage the brand has to die and somehow it ressussitates ?

Pepsi has an identity, even though I don't drink it myself, I always associate it with a few images or words. The same goes with every brand. I get used to it and remember telling myself at a few occasions while shopping « what happened to that brand ? It didn't look like that before ». For instance, people tend to say that changing Pepsi's logo in the late 90's was a huge mistake. Because they were surprised by the novelty ? No, the change was minor. But in the end, the consumer could not associate what he was seing with his perception of what the brand is. People were really critical about it : here's a testimony i found on designshack.net « Years later I still can’t muster up anything but disdain for this rebranding project. Call me old fashioned but I think Pepsi took a baseball bat to their brand heritage. Meanwhile, they made the “e” in Pepsi mirror the old logo! It might be an attempt at cleverness, but it seems indecisive. »

Pepsi's logos between 1898 and today

Coke pretty much did the same with their logo (maybe it was the decade for change in the US, apparently in France « le changement c'est maintenant »).

Coke's logos between 1886 and today


They changed their formula trying to make it taste more sugary. Wasn't their objective to taste more like David (or Goliath, I don't remember which is who) ? Everyone knows that Pepsi tastes better, Pepsi bragged about it enough... Result of the big change in the formula ? Apart from the fact that I would have more trouble distinguishing Pepsi from Coke ? People were shocked and wanted their old drink back. First lesson of « marketing for dummies » : the customer is always right. Thanks Coke for listening to that class and giving millions of people their daily sugar the old fashioned way.

Of course those examples trying to explain how brand heritage works are not the only ones.

Let's resume: a brand sets a range of key words, values, attitudes... around it. Changing a small thing confuses everyone and since people don't like change (even in France for now) it creates a mess. One should be carefull while playing with fonts, colors, shapes... Isn't it what kindergarden was all about ?

Maybe a few of you know this rule of Barney Stinson in "How I Met Your Mother" (a brand himself even though he's fictional) : « new is always better ». In the consumer's mind, it might not always be the case...


Emma G



The Brand portfolio of Coca-Cola and Pepsi : a key factor of differentiation

Why offering a large range of cola drinks?

The product range is a key component of the soda companies’ strategy because offering a large range of tastes, flavors or amount of calories is essential to remain competitive on the market. The cola variations can attract different consumers and they are a way of targeting different market segments. It is also important for soda producers to answer new needs and to remain innovative in order to keep a dynamic brand image.

Let’s take a look at the different types of cola drinks that The Coca-Cola Company and Pepsi are selling on the French market.

The Coca-Cola Brand Portfolio

Coca-Cola Classic, Coca-Cola Light and Coca-Cola Zero are the most popular types of cola drinks sold by The Coca-Cola Company. The brand has also developed several variations of those three best sellers: caffeine-free or flavored with cherry, lime, lemon..

            Source: www.coca-cola.fr/coca-cola-light
             Source: www.coca-cola.fr/coca-cola-zero/

It is really interesting to see that The Coca-Cola Company has decided to develop two types of sugar free cola drinks. The Coca-Cola Light isn't aimed at imitating the taste of the Coca-Cola Classic, its taste is unique and recognizable. The Coca-Cola Zero was developed to be the sugar-free version of the Coca-Cola Classic, it is aimed at copying the taste of the classic recipe without the calories. In terms of market segmentation, the Coca-Cola Light is more likely to target women while the Coca-Cola Zero can also attract men. The caffeine free Coca-Cola targets consumers that want to reduce their caffeine consumption while continuing to enjoy this soda drink. The flavored variations like Coca-Cola Cherry or Coca-Cola lemon are an alternative to the Classic Coca-Cola taste and proposing new formulas is part of the innovation strategy.

The Pepsi Brand Portfolio

PepsiCo offers a smaller range of products than its main rival. Only four types of Pepsi cola drinks are available on the French market: Pepsi, Pepsi Light, Pepsi MAX and now Pepsi NEXT. Pepsi Light and Pepsi MAX are sugar-free variations of the original Pepsi, they both contains artificial sweeteners and less than one calorie per can. 

   
          Source: www.pepsi.fr

In March 2013, PepsiCo has launched Pepsi NEXT in France. This new variation of Pepsi cola contains 30% less sugar than the original recipe and doesn't contain any artificial sweeteners. Pepsi NEXT is targeting a new market segment, this segment is between the classic recipe with sugar and the sugar-free variations (Pepsi MAX and Pepsi Light). The Pepsi NEXT is an alternative option that is innovative and The Coca-Cola Company isn't offering such a product on the French market yet.

But The Coca-Cola company is now testing its new product in Argentina: the Green Coke (with stevia as a natural sweetener). It seems that those two rivals will continue to surprise the consumers with new product innovations ! 


                                                                                                             Agathe L.

Pepsi and Coca-Cola’s war is on

A few days ago Pepsi got cheeky with its rival.  Belgian ad agency Buzz In a Box created a funny ad. A simple image showed can of Pepsi wearing a red cape marked with Coca-Cola’s iconic logo. Above was the tagline “We wish you a scary Halloween”.

We didn’t have to wait long for the answer of Coca-Cola’s fans. Almost immediately on the Internet appeared the pictures with the same image but with the different taglines saying:’ Everybody wants to be a hero’. It’s  really good to have such fans.


Ewa S.

Saturday, 2 November 2013

Why did SHARE A COKE campaign become such a big success??

Nowadays, with the world flocking to the digital space, the way to reach the customers has changed. Coca Cola decided to create a campaign, which will encourage people to connect with the brand both offline and online. 

After the company had implemented the personalized products, beverage’s fans spammed Facebook and Twitter with the pictures of Coca-Cola cans and bottles using the hashtag ‘#ShareACoke’..

The main objective of the campaign was obviously to increase the consumption of Coca Cola. The other one was to make people start talking about the brand. To achieve those targets Coca-Cola company implemented Share a Coke campaign. The company put the most popular names on the cans and bottles instead of the name of the brand.
They wanted to jumpstart real conversations and remind people of those in their lives they may have lost touch with, or have yet to meet.
Is the customer couldn’t find the can with their name on the shelf in the store, they could use a Facebook application. If it is not enough, the company also visited more than 70 places offering customers the chance to print their own personalized bottles on site.

The campaign was supported with TV spots, in which young people were telling the stories about people they admire and are inspired by.


 Ewa S.



Saturday, 12 October 2013

A short presentation of the Soda Market

Global soda drinks consumption

Let’s start by taking a look at the global soda drinks consumption. In what countries is the soda drink consumption the highest ?

Americans are the winners of the competition with an annual consumption of 165 litres per person. Mexico is ranked 2nd with 146 litres, and Argentina is ranked third. On the bottom of the list are China and India with the score 9 and 3 litres, respectively.

There is no surprise that the highest volume of carbonated soft drinks belongs to cola drinks and account for 57%. And when it comes to coke, the Mexicans beat the Americans. The average citizen of Mexico drank 108 litres of coke in 2012. It is by 26 litres more than in the US. The lowest consumption is in India and Indonesia: the rates are barely over 1 litre per year per person.   


Top 10 Soft Drinks


Carbonated Soft Drinks - market share in 2012 [1]


According to the research conducted by Beverage Digest the top 3 Carbonated Soft Drink brands are: Coke, Diet Coke and Pepsi- Cola.  As you can notice all are cola drinks. That is why we decided to focus on top cola brands, as they seem to be the most important among the CSD brands. Through this blog were are going to compare their marketing strategies. Mainly we would like to flash on the activities of two legendary rivals: The Coca Cola Company and PepsiCo.


The carbonated soft drinks market is interesting to study because it includes both giant companies but also lesser-known and regional brands (i.e Breizh Cola in France). The diversity of the offer is results in innovative marketing strategies; companies need to be continually more inventive to target consumers and to secure their loyalty.
                                                      Auteur=Brasserie Lancelot-Phare Ouest                                           

This market is also facing an important challenge: more and more people are becoming health conscious and public policies are fighting the causes of obesity such as sugary beverages [2]. The “Soda Tax” is a hot topic and not only it could decrease the producers margin but in terms of marketing it gives a bad image of soda drinks because there are associated with obesity and health problems. Soft drinks brands have to respond to those critics in a clever and informative way, and focusing on health is now a new brand strategy.